Ogologo oge ole ka ogwe anwụ nke obibi na-adịru?

A na-erekarị oghere ndị dị na mbara igwe na mbinye ego ma ọ bụ mgbazinye ogologo oge, na ndị nwe ụlọ na-abanye na nkwekọrịta nke afọ 20 ma ọ bụ karịa. Ma ogologo oge ole ka panels na-adịru, oleekwa otú ha siri ike?

Ndụ panel na-adabere n'ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere ihu igwe, ụdị modul, na usoro nrụnye eji, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ ezie na enweghị “ụbọchị ngwụcha” akọwapụtara maka otu panel kwa otu, mfu nke mmepụta ka oge na-aga na-amanye akụrụngwa ezumike nka.

Mgbe ị na-ekpebi ma ị ga-eme ka panel gị na-agba ọsọ 20-30 afọ n'ọdịnihu, ma ọ bụ ịchọ nkwalite n'oge ahụ, nlekota mmepụta ọkwa bụ ụzọ kasị mma isi mee mkpebi ziri ezi.

Mmebi

Ọnwụ nke mmepụta ka oge na-aga, nke a na-akpọ nbibi, na-ebutekarị ihe dịka 0.5% kwa afọ, dịka National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).

Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-atụlekarị afọ 25 ruo 30 oge nke mmebi nke zuru oke mere ebe ọ nwere ike ịbụ oge iji tụlee dochie panel. Ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ maka ikike nrụpụta bụ afọ 25 na modul anyanwụ, NREL kwuru.

Nyere 0.5% benchmark ọnụego kwa afọ, otu panel dị afọ 20 nwere ike iwepụta ihe dịka 90% nke ikike mbụ ya.

Ịdị mma panel nwere ike inwe mmetụta ụfọdụ na ọnụego nbibi. NREL na-akọ ndị na-emepụta ego dị ka Panasonic na LG nwere ọnụego ihe dịka 0.3% kwa afọ, ebe ụfọdụ ụdị na-eweda ọnụ ahịa dị elu dị ka 0.80%. Mgbe afọ 25 gachara, ogwe ndị a adịchaghị ka nwere ike mepụta 93% nke mmepụta mbụ ha, na ihe atụ dị elu nwere ike iwepụta 82.5%.

(Gụọ: “Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-enyocha mmebi na sistemụ PV karịa afọ 15")

A na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe a na-akpọ ike induced degendation (PID), ihe iseokwu ụfọdụ na-enweta, ma ọ bụghị ihe niile. PID na-eme mgbe ikike voltaji nke panel na mwepu ion mbanye ugbu a n'ime modul n'etiti ihe semiconductor na ihe ndị ọzọ nke modul, dị ka iko, ugwu, ma ọ bụ etiti. Nke a na-eme ka ike mmepụta ike modul ahụ daa, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ nke ukwuu.

Ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eji ihe ndị na-eguzogide PID na-arụ ogwe ha n'ime iko, mkpuchi, na mgbochi mgbasa.

Oghere niile na-enwekwa ihe a na-akpọ ọkụ-induced degendation (LID), nke panel na-akwụsị ịrụ ọrụ n'ime awa mbụ nke ìhè anyanwụ. LID dịgasị iche site na panel gaa na panel dabere na ịdị mma nke silicon wafers, ma na-ebutekarị otu oge, 1-3% mfu na arụmọrụ, kwuru ụlọ nyocha nyocha PVEL, PV Evolution Labs.

Ihu igwe

Ikpughe na ọnọdụ ihu igwe bụ isi ihe na-akpata mmebi panel. Okpomọkụ bụ isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ panel ozugbo yana nbibi ka oge na-aga. Okpomọkụ gburugburu na-emetụta arụmọrụ na arụmọrụ nke akụrụngwa eletrik,dị ka NREL si kwuo.

Site na ịlele mpempe akwụkwọ data nke onye nrụpụta, enwere ike ịchọta ọnụọgụ okpomọkụ nke panel, nke ga-egosipụta ike panel nke ịrụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu.

Ọnụọgụ ahụ na-akọwa etu arụmọrụ ezigbo oge na-efu site na ogo Celsius ọ bụla mụbara karịa ogo ogo ogo Celsius 25. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnụọgụ okpomọkụ nke -0.353% pụtara na maka ogo Celsius ọ bụla karịa 25, 0.353% nke ikike mmepụta ihe na-efunahụ.

Mgbanwe ọkụ na-ebute mmebi panel site na usoro a na-akpọ ịgba ígwè ọkụ. Mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ, ihe na-agbasawanye, na mgbe okpomọkụ na-ebelata, ha na-enwe nkwekọrịta. Ntugharị a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eme ka microcracks na-etolite na panel ka oge na-aga, na-ebelata mmepụta.

N'afọ yaỌmụmụ Kaadị Score Module, PVEL nyochara oru 36 arụ ọrụ anyanwụ na India, wee hụ mmetụta dị ukwuu site na mmebi okpomọkụ. Nkezi mmebi kwa afọ nke ọrụ a rutere na 1.47%, mana usoro dị na mpaghara oyi, ugwu ugwu dara na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara ọnụego ahụ, na 0.7%.

Ntinye nke ọma nwere ike inye aka dozie nsogbu ndị metụtara okpomọkụ. Ekwesịrị ịwụnye panels ihe dị ka sentimita ole na ole n'elu ụlọ, ka ikuku convective nwere ike ịbanye n'okpuru ma mee ka ngwa ahụ dị jụụ. Enwere ike iji ihe ndị na-acha ọkụ na-eme ihe na-arụ ọrụ panel iji gbochie mmịpụta okpomọkụ. Na ihe ndị dị ka inverters na ndị na-ejikọta ọnụ, ndị ọrụ ha na-enwe mmetụta karịsịa na okpomọkụ, kwesịrị ịdị na mpaghara shaded,CED Greentech tụrụ aro.

Ifufe bụ ọnọdụ ihu igwe ọzọ nke nwere ike imerụ akụkụ anyanwụ. Ifufe siri ike nwere ike ime ka akụkụ ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke a na-akpọ ibu ọrụ dị ike. Nke a na-ebutekwa microcracks na ogwe, na-ebelata mmepụta. A na-ahazi ụfọdụ ihe ngwọta racking maka mpaghara ikuku dị elu, na-echebe akụkụ ahụ site na ndị agha na-ebuli elu siri ike na ịmachi microcracking. Dịka, mpempe akwụkwọ data onye nrụpụta ga-enye ozi na oke ikuku nke panel ahụ nwere ike idi.

Otu ihe ahụ na-aga maka snow, nke nwere ike ikpuchi ogwe n'oge oké ifufe, na-egbochi mmepụta. Snow nwekwara ike ịkpata ibu ọrụ igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-eweda akụkụ ahụ. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, snow ga-adapụ na ogwe, n'ihi na ha na-egbuke egbuke ma na-ekpo ọkụ, ma n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, onye nwe ụlọ nwere ike ikpebi ikpochapụ snow na panel. A ghaghị ime nke a nke ọma, n'ihi na ịchacha elu iko nke panel ahụ ga-enwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma na mmepụta.

(Gụọ: “Ndụmọdụ maka idowe sistemu anyanwụ nke elu ụlọ gị ka ọ na-ama jijiji ogologo oge")

Mmebi bụ ihe nkịtị, nke a na-apụghị izere ezere na ndụ otu panel. Nrụnye kwesịrị ekwesị, ikpochapụ snow nke ọma, na nlezianya ihicha panel nwere ike inye aka na mmepụta, ma n'ikpeazụ, igwe anyanwụ bụ nkà na ụzụ na-enweghị akụkụ na-agagharị agagharị, na-achọ obere nlekọta.

Ụkpụrụ

Iji hụ na otu panel nyere nwere ike ịdị ndụ ogologo ndụ ma rụọ ọrụ dịka echere ya, ọ ga-enwerịrị ule ụkpụrụ maka asambodo. Panels nọ n'okpuru ule International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), nke na-emetụta ma mono- na polycrystalline panels.

EnergySage kwuruA na-anwale ogwe ndị nwetara ọkọlọtọ IEC 61215 maka njirimara eletriki dị ka mmiri na-agba mmiri, na nguzogide mkpuchi. Ha na-aga ule ibu ọrụ maka ikuku na snow, yana ule ihu igwe nke na-enyocha adịghị ike n'ebe dị ọkụ, ikpughe UV, iru mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, ikpo ọkụ, mmetụta akụ mmiri ozuzo, na mkpughe ndị ọzọ n'èzí.

IEC 61215 na-ekpebikwa metrik arụmọrụ otu panel na ọnọdụ nnwale ọkọlọtọ, gụnyere ọnụọgụ ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, voltaji mepere emepe na mmepụta ike kachasị.

A na-ahụkarị na mpempe akwụkwọ nkọwapụta bụ akara nke Underwriters Laboratories (UL), nke na-enyekwa ụkpụrụ na nnwale. UL na-eme ule climactic na ịka nká, yana nyocha zuru oke nke ule nchekwa.

Ọdịda

Ọdịda panel nke anyanwụ na-eme na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala. NRELduziri ọmụmụ ihenke n'elu 50,000 usoro arụnyere na United States na 4,500 n'ụwa nile n'etiti afọ 2000 na 2015. Ọmụmụ chọpụtara a etiti ọdịda ọnụego nke 5 panels n'ime 10,000 kwa afọ.

Ọdịda panel a abawanyela nke ọma ka oge na-aga, dịka achọpụtara na sistemụ arụnyere n'etiti 1980 na 2000 gosipụtara ọdịda ọdịda okpukpu abụọ nke otu post-2000.

(Gụọ: “Ụdị ogwe anyanwụ kachasị elu na arụmọrụ, ntụkwasị obi na ịdị mma")

Ọ na-adịkarịghị ekwupụta ọdịda sistemụ na ọdịda panel. N'ezie, nyocha nke kWh Analytics chọpụtara na 80% nke oge ọdịda anyanwụ niile bụ nsonaazụ nke inverters na-ada ada, ngwaọrụ nke na-atụgharị DC ugbu a panel ka ọ bụrụ AC. Magazin pv ga-enyocha arụmọrụ inverter na nkeji ọzọ nke usoro isiokwu a.